Central Chile – Santiago to the Araucaria Forests

Central Chile is classified as one of the four Mediterranean Ecoregions of the world , characterized by rainy and cold winters and very hot and dry summers. The isolation imposed by the high Andes mountains to the east, the Atacama Desert to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west have produced high endemism rates in both flora and fauna, deserving of a place on the list of 25 Global Biodiversity Hotspots.

On our first full day in the Santiago area we will be exploring the Mediterranean scrub of the foothills and alpine areas of the Andes Mountains, doing various stops at different altitudes. We’ll be looking for high altitude specialists like Greater Yellow finch, <strong>Creamy-rumped Miner</strong> and <strong>White-sided Hillstar</strong> among other special Andean birds. At our picnic spot, we usually have Andean Condor soaring above, and Rufous-banded Miner, Gray-hooded Sierra-Finch and Greater Yellow-finch at close distances looking for some leftover crumbs from our lunch. We’ll also be on the lookout for Variable Hawk, Black-chested Buzzard Eagle and <strong>Mountain Caracara</strong>.

In the foothills we’ll be looking for 6 endemics: <strong>Chilean Tinamou</strong>, <strong>Moustached Turca</strong>, <strong>White-throated</strong> and <strong>Dusky Tapaculos</strong>, <strong>Crag Chilia</strong> and <strong>Dusky-tailed Canastero</strong>.

Today will be a great introduction to the birds of Central Chile, from common widespread species to local specialties. Climbing to higher elevations that are easily accessible from Santiago also offers stunning mountain landscapes. In the afternoon return to hotel, night in Santiago.

Leaving early from Santiago we will head towards the coastal city of San Antonio. Just south of the city we will visit a recently created reserve on the Maipo river estuary. This reserve protects one of the most important wetlands in central Chile, where we’ll be able to enjoy large groups of shorebirds, gulls, <strong>Black Skimmers</strong>, terns, pelicans.

The reedbeds at the reserve entrance are a great place to see the stunning, but skulking, <strong>Many-colored Rush-Tyrant</strong> and Wren-like Rushbird, as well as Yellow-winged Blackbird and Sedge Wren.

After scanning the masses of migrant shorebirds on the mudflats in search of potential rarities we will pay some more attention to the passerines and look for the rare <strong>Ticking Doradito</strong> (a recent split from the Warbling Doradito), <strong>Spectacled Tyrant</strong>, Correndera Pipit and the Chilean endemics<strong> Dusky Tapaculo</strong> and <strong>Dusky-tailed Canastero</strong>.

Driving north along the coast we will have lunch at a seaside restaurant on the rocky shoreline. This location is also a great spot to find another Chilean endemic, the <strong>Chilean Seaside Cinclodes</strong>.

In the afternoon we will visit more protected wetlands, looking for Spot-flanked Gallinule, three coot species, Black-necked and Coscoroba Swan, Plumbeous Rail, <strong>Black-headed Duck</strong> and maybe even the secretive <strong>Stripe-backed Bittern</strong>.

We will also stop near a Peruvian Pelican colony where a few Humboldt Penguins are also breeding. Night in Valparaiso.

We’ll leave the port just before sunrise and navigate around 20 km (12 miles) out towards the Humboldt Current; the round trip usually lasts roughly 6 hours. Chile has more than 4,000 kilometers of coastline and is considered as one of the best places in the world to do pelagic trips. This huge rise of nutrients brought by the current notably favors the observation of marine fauna. Exceptional trips have produced roughly 60(!) species of seabirds. With over half a dozen species of albatrosses, and multiple species of petrels, shearwaters, terns, diving-petrels, cormorants, gulls and terns.

Albatrosses are definitely the star of the show. Likely species include <strong>Salvin’s</strong>, <strong>Black-browed</strong>, <strong>Northern</strong> and <strong>Southern Royal</strong>, and Buller’s and Chatham are seen more infrequently. Other noteworthy tubenoses we can see are Masatierra, Juan Fernandez, White-chinned and Westland Petrels, Peruvian Diving-Petrel, Northern Giant Petrels, and Wilson’s Storm-Petrel (local subspecies is Fuegian).  To round off the seabird lists we can also find Red Phalaropes, Guanay and Red-legged Cormorants, Kelp Gull and South American Tern.

After our pelagic trip and a delicious lunch, we will continue birdwatching along the coast. This time north of Valparaiso to look for the scarce and elusive Stripe-backed Bittern and any other species we might have missed the day before. Return to Santiago. Night in Santiago.

The Yeso Valley is well known for being one of the most accessible places to see the sought-after <strong>Diademed Sandpiper-Plover</strong>. This beautiful and enigmatic mountain shorebird breeds in the high elevation bogs of the valley and will be our main target for the day. Members of Albatross Birding are proud to have led a research project on the species for many years, and thus are very knowledgeable of their habits and have a great track record for finding it.

In addition to the Sandpiper-Plover there are many other interesting species we will be stopping to look for on our way to higher elevations. Among them are the endemics <strong>Crag Chilia</strong> and <strong>Moustached Turca</strong>; Torrent Ducks in fast-moving rivers, and many Andean specialties like <strong>White-sided Hillstar</strong>, Andean Goose, Scale-throated Earthcreeper, <strong>Black-fronted</strong> and White-browed Ground-Tyrants, Greater Yellow-finch, Yellow-rumped Siskin, Andean Condors and Mountain Caracara. Reaching higher elevations we will also be able to see some more rare and localized species like <strong>Creamy-rumped Miner</strong> and <strong>Grey-breasted Seedsnipe</strong>.

The scenery here is simply superb and some of the most spectacular in Central Chile. High mountains, turquoise lakes, hanging glaciers and white-water rivers combine to make a magnificent spectacle. We’ll return to Santiago during the afternoon. Night in Santiago.

Today we’ll start driving south on our way to Talca and on towards Colbún Lake. Still in drier Mediterranean habitat our main targets will be the spectacularly colorful and very noisy <strong>Burrowing Parakeet</strong>, and the beautiful <strong>Spectacled Duck</strong>. Upon arriving at the lake we will scan for a number of other interesting ducks and grebe species and a chance to see Spectacled Tyrant and Andean Gull. We’ll then make a short trip north of the lake and spend the rest of the afternoon and the next day in the magnificent Altos de Lircay National Reserve. At dusk we’ll look for the elusive <strong>Rufous-Legged Owl</strong> and spend the night in a quiet and comfortable forest lodge in Vilches, just outside the reserve.

Located at the southern limit of the Mediterranean Region, this park is in the ecotone (transition area between two biomes) between the Temperate Rainforest and the Mediterranean Ecoregion. Here we’ll see a mix of the bird communities characteristic of the more scrubby and dry Mediterranean habitat and the lush temperate Nothofagus forests. In Altos de Lircay, we’ll encounter our first forest specialists. While walking along forest trails participants will be amazed by the spectacular mature <em>Nothofagus</em> trees, as well as ferns, mosses and forest bird species that are unique to the southern cone of South America. Additionally, in this area we’ll also find interesting geological rarities.

We’ll spend a full day in Altos de Lircay exploring the extensive forest. We’ll be carefully listening for the nasal scolding of Chile’s least known Tapaculo, the <strong>Chestnut-throated Huet-Huet</strong>. We’ll also be looking for more <em>Nothofagus</em> forest’s specialties such as Austral Parakeet (the world’s most southerly distributed parrot species), Chucao Tapaculo with its explosive voice, Magellanic Tapaculo and the colorful Patagonian Sierra-Finch. This will be our first opportunity for seeing the truly spectacular <strong>Magellanic Woodpecker</strong>, and there is a chance to spot the rare and difficult-to-find Chilean and White-Throated Hawks. In the afternoon we’ll return to our accommodation at Hostería de Vilches.

After breakfast at our hostería we’ll head south towards Temuco, the capital city of the Araucanía Region. On our way we’ll stop by some meadowy agricultural areas to look for <strong>Screaming Cowbird</strong>, <strong>Hellmayr’s Pipit </strong>and <strong>Chilean Tinamou</strong>. By the time we reach Temuco the Mediterranean habitat will have been left behind completely and been replaced by lush Temperate Rain Forest.

Once in Temuco participants will visit the Cerro Ñielol Natural Monument, where we can find dense rainforest understory species, such as <strong>Black-throated Huet-Huet</strong>, <strong>Des Mur’s Wiretail</strong>, <strong>Chucao Tapaculo, Ochre</strong>–<strong>Flanked</strong> <strong>Tapaculo</strong>, and the near endemic <strong>Slender-billed Parakeet</strong>. The forests in the area are also a good spot to spot the uncommon Rufous-Tailed Hawk. Night in Temuco.

In the morning we will head to higher altitude mixed <strong><em>Nothofagus</em></strong>and <strong>Araucaria</strong> (Monkey Puzzle Trees) forests surrounded by stunning mountainous landscapes. Here we will look for the newly split <strong>Patagonian Forest Earthcreeper</strong>, <strong>Magellanic Tapaculo</strong>, Austral Parakeet, Striped Woodpecker, Chilean Flicker, <strong>White-throated Treerunner</strong> and other forest species. Today will be equals parts enjoyment of fantastic forest birds as of the magical forests. The silhouettes of Araucarias on the hillside and the snow-capped volcanoes on the horizon give a feeling of being in the midst of a truly prehistoric forest. After a full day of birding we will drive to Temuco’s airport for the short evening flight back to Santiago.